The Feral Fairy Almanac

open.substack.com/pub/feralfairyalmanac/p/feral-fairy-forecast

A Literary Game Night Proposal

Have you ever read a physical book with hand-written annotations? It’s a trend, and a great one, I think.

I am considering starting a game night/book club thing where we play some kind of mystery game or other RPG and pass around a book. Everyone would get a turn taking the book home and adding their own notes, and then when the book has been annotated by all, everyone would get a chance to read the other notes.

Then we would pick out a new book and a new game to go along with it. Does that sound like fun? It could also be done virtually, but I feel like in person would be better.

If you’re interested, please leave a comment and any other pertinent info (preferences of book type, game type, in-person or virtual, etc.).

First trip out of the house this year!

Tomorrow is really the first “normal” Monday of 2025, and we just paid a ridiculous amount of money to have our driveway shoveled, so the obvious agenda for today was LEAVING the Treehouse!

We made two stops! One for food, and the other for…food. You can’t go to the grocery store hungry, after all, unless the grocery store has an appealing restaurant within. Ours does not, so we indulged in a little Panera, then we were off to Big Kroger!

How quickly one forgets how tiring the grocery store is! It doesn’t help that I have basically been living in pajamas since New Year’s Eve.

It’s been a very productive time, though. I have worked every day of the year except for today. Tim has been working on his projects, too. It has been bliss! I love being on a roll.

Tomorrow I will have to run some errands, but I think it will be relatively quick on my other “car”:

Felt cute, might zip down to the Witchy Bookstore later. The author is riding her double broom in front of a witchy bookstore in a fantasy environment.
Felt cute, might zip down to the Witchy Bookstore later.

Happy New Year, all! Hope it’s magical!

Spirit Animals

Cozy Kittens & Animal Symbolism

This morning–just a moment ago–I was visited by another of my spirit animals. It was a cozy kitten. Not too surprising, considering the eight inches of snow that fell overnight. Nestle in, settle down, and rest. Keep warm. I know what she wants.

A log in the shape of a sleeping kitten, with a light layer of snow on top of the kitten, and a serene expression. The kitten shape is on its side. The kitten carving is realistic.

They’re never this detailed in real life, but it was something like this. ^

It isn’t the first and hopefully it won’t be the last of my forest visions, even though we plan to sell The Treehouse this year and move. Over the years here through the seasons of bare trees and myriad branches, I have been visited by bears, roosters, whole words spelled out in English, squirrels…I’m searching my brain to try and remember what else…and today, a kitten.

When I first starting “seeing things” in the woods, I would do a double-take. Wait. Was that? No…

Then later in the same day, the same reaction.

The first time one came to visit, I took a few days before mentioning it to Tim. “There’s a bear out there,” I told him.

“Oh, yeah?”

“I mean, obviously not a real bear, but every time I look out there, I keep seeing this bear…that isn’t there…”

Tim believes strongly in the symbolism of wild animals, so we looked up the meaning of the bear. In my case, it was a young bear. Not a baby cub, but not an adult.

Here is where the trouble starts. Where do you look up something so personal?

Appropriation or Not?

In American culture, spirit animals are seen as Native American / First Nations / Indigenous property. There is a well-meaning rapid response from some people to assume any yt person who sees an animal spirit must be appropriating Indigenous culture.

Even if they’re not.

I have kept this thought on the back burner for the past few years, because something this personal that doesn’t affect many others isn’t worth diving into, lest one sound too defensive, and thereby, insincere in one’s beliefs. As fortune would have it, however, I have made some rich cultural discoveries among my own heritage. I wasn’t looking for this information, but there it was.

The Cunning Folk

See, I am a Cunningham.

If you know anything of the Cunning Folk, then you may know what that means. If you have read anything by Scott Cunningham, then you might have a hunch regarding the cultural connection. It’s not popular knowledge, sadly, but my Celtic / Gaelic / Scots / Pagan ancestors from all over the British Isles used animal symbolism in their way of life. They were aware of animals, just like human beings on this continent. They saw qualities in animals similar to every other culture on this earth.

Consider: all over the world, a bear is a symbol of strength. A tortoise is a symbol of patience. A serpent is a symbol of evil. If you’d like to read a quick article about other international animal symbols, here’s a little from the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW).

In any culture that is aware of and values animals, there are going to be connections between these animals and the human psyche. That is how humans were designed. We learn from our environment.

We don’t just assign symbols to animals. We assign them to trees, flowers, homes, cars…Think of those horrible cyber trucks! What do they symbolize to you? What does a douche symbolize? A handgun?

Symbols are an unconscious language all their own. This is the language of tarot, of painters, of poets. It is the soul’s communication with the eye.

When I see my spirit animals, I do not think, “I have learned this from the Native Americans who once tended these woods.” I just see them–and the more I see, the better I understand them. I don’t try to see anything–they always surprise me.

The ironic thing about being a yt American is that we do live on formerly indigenous territory. As Tim pointed out to me once, Native Americans could have seen animals here in these woods, as well. Maybe not a kitten, but maybe a bobcat or a Puma. Firsthand accounts of people who lived right here in these woods might not exist. But, if you’re curious, these are the tribes historically associated with the spot where I live:

list of indigenous cultures that have owned the land where I currently live: 
𐓏𐒰𐓓𐒰𐓓𐒷 𐒼𐓂𐓊𐒻 𐓆𐒻𐒿𐒷 𐓀𐒰^𐓓𐒰^(Osage) 
Shawandasse Tula (Shawanwaki/Shawnee) 
Hopewell Culture 
Adena Culture 
Kaskaskia 
Myaamia
𐓏𐒰𐓓𐒰𐓓𐒷 𐒼𐓂𐓊𐒻 𐓆𐒻𐒿𐒷 𐓀𐒰^𐓓𐒰^(Osage)
Shawandasse Tula (Shawanwaki/Shawnee)
Hopewell Culture
Adena Culture
Kaskaskia
Myaamia

The internet says that these cultures believe in spirit animals, but that doesn’t mean that’s why I am seeing them. We can have separate, but overlapping experiences. That is okay!

I do believe that the commonality of human experience is a good thing. It helps us relate to one another. And for marginalized cultures, it helps them be SEEN. I respect other cultures and find them fascinating. If you find this intriguing, then you can look up these cultures and learn as much as you can about their beliefs, if they allow that (some tribes prefer to not be your spiritual entertainment, and that’s totally understandable!) But, appreciation of things we have in common? Yes. You can do that. You can honor things and not appropriate them as your own. There’s a balance there that sane folk have no trouble keeping–mostly because they are not trying to find meaning in their lives through copying and pasting traditions. They are just living.

To that end, fairies, pixies, and sprites are traditionally thought of as a white cultural fantasy beings. Celtic legends and pagan tales tell of Fairy Trees and the little people. Did you know that American Indian tribes also have tales of “little people” and beings similar to fairies and brownies?

Is that appropriation? No way. I believe it’s being a human being with eyes and a heart.

Just because you haven’t heard of spirit animals or animal spirits or forest ghosts or tiny little fairy people in other cultures doesn’t mean they haven’t existed. It just means YOU haven’t heard of them.

I can’t unsee my snow kitten, and I don’t want to. I want to love it, and I want to cherish this gift of being my intuitive self. I hope you have intuitive gifts of your own to cherish–and if you do, don’t feel like you’re not allowed. You can’t call dibs on “animals.” Nobody owns the wild.

The New Weird

I wrote a little about spirit animals in The New Weird. Chapter Thirteen is titled Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Treemancy and Spirit Animals.

At the end of of every chapter of The New Weird, I gave the reader Journaling Prompts. Yep, it’s an interactive kind of book! There’s even a paperback version if you want to use it that way.

Here are the prompts from the end of Chapter Thirteen: Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Treemancy and Spirit Animals:

1.) Have you ever seen shapes in things where no design was intended? What was your first reaction? Surprise? Welcome? Doubt? Were you taught to write off such fantasies as sinful or wrong? What if seeing shapes in the clouds was just an innocent by-product of being a human being in a big, beautiful world? Think of a time when you saw something, even though it wasn’t “really” there. Do you cherish that interaction? Did you learn from it?

2.) I live in the woods right now, but I believe that if I were a sea witch or plains witch, I’d see symbols and take meaning in my surroundings, as well. Look around you. Are you in a thriving, living environment? If not, take a walk in the woods or on the beach. What do you see? What do you feel? Is there some place you’d like to vacation, where you feel more connected to the natural world? Perhaps you are *that* sort of girl.

3.) Do you even want to see the future? What if, instead of seeing a future you can’t control, you could better understand your present? Would you feel more at ease to just understand your own self better?

Feel free to answer in the comments, or on your own blog, or in your journal! If you’d like, please drop the link so I can enjoy reading your own reflections!

2025

It’s really here. We’re a quarter way through the century, and it’s disconcerting sometimes how very quickly it all happened.

I’m still a little kid–tall, lean, buck-toothed…my knees constantly skinned and my voice always too loud. I could fall down right now and rip a hole in my jeans on the basketball court. I could dive into a swimming pool and swim the length of it underwater, holding my breath. I could hit the bull’s eye from twice as far as any other kid, and keep on going until they dragged me away from the archery range with a bruised forearm from too much fun. Fifteen cartwheels in a row? Try and stop me.

That’s me, isn’t it? Planning on taking over the world someday…at least a part of it. Teaching folks, reading books, helping people understand things they couldn’t have or wouldn’t have put together on their own. I didn’t want or need to be famous, but a certain amount of professional success was almost certainly on the horizon.

Politics, family issues, and health concerns never entered the picture. As a kid holed away on the floor next to her bed reading fantasy novels and listening to the radio, the future was always some kind of perfect waiting to happen. A technicolor sunset that it would be an uncompromising joy to sail into.

And now it’s 2025? The time when robots or apes or robot apes are supposed to be running the world, I think? So far in the future that I can’t even imagine it, because I will be very old by then, indeed. Very, very old.

And here I sit, my hair still mostly brunette, only about 30% silver according to my new hairdresser. I’m losing weight and improving my work habits, taking more medicine for unimagined ills that I never dreamed would afflict me. I’m writing more than ever, probably, except for the year 2011 when my youngest daughter was a babe-in-arms and didn’t need companionship in the same way she requires it now. Goodness, Tim worked from the office back then, too. He didn’t snore in an easy chair three feet from me, as he does now, nor did he video conference day-in and day-out with other problem solvers, saving the world through one hospital interface at a time.

That first year of selling and publishing fiction seriously, rather than journalism, was so exciting.

2011! So far in the future! My goodness, I’ll be so old by then!

But there I was, homeschooling three little boys who I dearly loved and wanted to only nurture and encourage. Nursing a beautiful daughter–something I never thought I would have. And that first year, I published something like 25 ebooks, I think.

The total now is much higher.

Don’t freak out–not all ebooks are 800 pages long. Some are more like articles or short stories. It really all depends on how long it takes to produce the thing you need to make, really. How many words it takes to teach someone something, to explain the thing they wouldn’t have put together on their own.

Other books are long, sure. And, some are compilations and box sets. I’m published in over a dozen anthologies, and I don’t even count those, because they aren’t on my dashboards. I simply forget to add them in.

So, yeah, in a way, I am doing the thing that I thought I’d do. The fiction aspect of writing is the bigger part of my work these days, and that’s not always as obviously teaching as journalism or non-fiction, or freelance editing and the like. Fiction teaches in different, more subtle ways. If you’re doing it right, people think it’s just entertainment. They don’t realize until weeks, months, or even years past the consumption of the material that they learned something from it–that it changed them somehow, or simply opened their mind to another way of thinking.

And heaven knows that many writers actually have no bloody idea that they’re teaching something to someone else. They’re just trying to make ends meet.

I once told a fellow writer (CD Reiss, if you’re interested) that I thought we all write our truth. We can’t help but write what we know deep down to be true–especially through fiction. I think she agreed with me at the time. She’s an amazing writer–even if you think you’re not into that kind of book, just give one of her books a try. You’ll be glad you did.

But the other side of the coin of writing all that good truthiness is that we live in this ever-changing, chaotic world of the future where nothing is what we thought it would be, and the things that are must be strategically leveraged to attain the next goal–just to survive. I’m not talking about billionaire shit. I’m talking about real life. You need to do X to get Y so your kid can afford Z. Wash, rinse, repeat. In a world like that, every little personal indulgence is so precious. The manicure, the Wild Blueberry White Mocha latte, the new tiny sweater for the dog.

This isn’t the way I thought the future would be. I’m definitely not the person I thought I would be in 2025. The world…well, people say it burns, or that it’s a dumpster, or whatever, but the truth is, it’s just difficult. Human nature has always cycled through its crises, and it will keep doing so long after my generation is forgotten. We make a chain of love, and hopefully it lasts a few years beyond our lifetimes, and what more can you ask for?

Okay, so I hear it now. That^ doesn’t sound like the ten year old who just discovered Piers Anthony. That^ up there sounds like the middle aged mother of four who she became.

I love my life. I love my life and my work. I love my life and my work and my family, even if some of my kids aren’t my biggest fans.

I do my best. I write my truth.

And sometimes, I teach people things, whether I mean to, or not.

(This has been a blog entry a la the days of Xanga and eFairy! If you want to read something lighter, I recommend anything from this page.)

Have an amazing year, and watch out for those robot apes.

a robotic ape full body image with an urban downtown background

Time to give Thanks

Friends! What a season, huh?

I am preparing to send out a newsletter today, and it includes so many swell tidings! A new audiobook release AND an exclusive very cool giveaway just for Red Tash fans. Just my way of thanking you for reading my cozy fantasy mystery series, even though I have been a very slow writer these past few years.

To that end, I was actually looking through my backlist under my three biggest pen names, and it seems I have had a habit in the past of working in fits and spurts. During a “fit,” I would write, edit, and polish multiple works. I really have gotten on a roll in the past, sometimes for months at a time.

It has been my good fortune to know many writers who are able to work steadily at their careers, but until lately, I have not had the luxury of time for that. In October, however, I believe I found the tipping point. I finally have more time to write, an office of my own, a diagnosis of ADHD and the Rx to match, and a female role model I can relate to professionally, even though she’s younger than me and lives a completely different lifestyle.

Who?

Oh, you know who.

Whenever I feel myself at the crossroads of “Should I goof off?” or “Should I try to work for at least 15 minutes?” I ask myself, “What would Taylor Swift do?”

Go on and laugh if you must, but hear me out. She’s achieved all she has by relentlessly making her art her way, diving deeply into her life experience, and fearlessly sharing with the world. Her talent would not have taken her as far as she has risen were it not for her habit of DOING the thing. And, hey, sometimes she cries in between. Finally, a successful woman who is not afraid to show the world that her sensitivity is NOT a weakness, but an actual requirement of being a human being!

Perfectionism has its place, don’t get me wrong—but it has long discouraged me that women have attempted to hide their inherent womanly tendencies in the pursuit of artistic success. It is so backward! Thank you, Taylor, for showing me the way!

And it’s not just Taylor. I made myself an old fashioned vision board to remind me of where I’m headed, and why. I haven’t had to look at it much, because so far I’ve not gotten myself that far off track, but I will share it here in case you are interested in what my dream looks like in collage form. (I used to teach a journaling & collage class, and BOY do I hope my former students have checked out Pinterest’s new collage function.)

Well, that’s all for now. Make sure you’re on the email list! And happy November. I am grateful for you.

Life, the Universe, and Chicken Wings

Chicken isn’t the best food for my itinerate hunter-gatherer blood type, according to the old classic, Eat Right for Your Blood Type.

(^That’s an affiliate link…just assume any and all links on this website are affiliate links, mmmkay?)

“Eat fish from the deep sea, such as snow fish, pomfret, Indian halibut, etc. Recommended meats are goat, lamb, turkey, deer, and rabbit. Avoid pork, chicken, shrimp, crab, shellfish, and cockle. Eat moderate amount of dairy products (milk and cheese) and eggs.” <—says the handy-dandy Google AI-manifested collective knowledge.

I must have read that book, what…25 years ago? It was a lot to take in, and it wasn’t totally easy to live by, as you might imagine. McDonald’s foray into the rabbit-burger market was shorter lived than the McRib (although the McRib may or may not be goat meat…who knows?), and who wants to avoid cockle? DON’T TELL ME WHAT TO DO!

While I’m not on a diet, per se, I have been using some medication that has severely impacted my appetite, with the result being that I have lost a little weight. Lately, the only food that sounds good to me is salty chicken (on the no-no list!). Fried chicken, chicken sandwiches, I’d even go for chicken wings if they were prepared correctly.

The cravings come and go. This week it’s chicken, next week? Maybe it’ll be baked goods again. I also get a little sick from time to time if I overeat, if I forget to eat, or just because, with no real reason. In that way, it’s very much like being pregnant.

Come to think of it, my joints hurt, my hips, my back…lord help me, maybe I AM pregnant! 😉

No way. Not possible. Not in this universe.

Regardless, I thought I’d do a little check-in and let the readers of PlanetTash know about how life has been going lately.

My rabid job search has very much worn me out. It’s difficult to completely STOP looking for a job, because I very much want one, but I am trying to take a break from it.

Sometimes, I convince myself to stop job searching by working on something else. This week it was supposed to be the living room. I did some paint color testing last week, and Tim has done wall-patching and sanding. Now I only need to go over the walls with my sander one last time, and I can start painting. I have the paint and all my supplies.

But I’m tired. It’s probably not going to get done today. I’m going to end up doing some self-care here in a bit, aka take a nap.

I keep telling myself that it’s good–a privilege, really–to be in charge of my own schedule in this way. I can paint whenever. Job search whenever. Record the audiobook to Miss Fitz 2 whenever. Work on any of my novels-in-progress whenever.

Honestly, it’s not good. A privilege, yes. But it’s not good for me. I feel like I am letting myself down lately, and really, the only thing that pulls me out of it is the accountability piece. I need an accountability partner.

It’s probably been twenty years since I last sent out a call into the wilderness–let’s check in on each other, report to one another, hold each other accountable in a gentle, friendly way to boost our common morale and get things done.

Are you interested? Reach out to me. Leave a comment or send a note to LesleaTash at gmail.

In the meantime, I want to recommend a hilarious book to you! It’s absolutely fabulous, a romp, highlighting not only a kind middle-aged woman, but several septuagenarians, a teen dad, and a ballsy broad who may or may not be running from a life of crime. I found it inspirational on many levels, as well as consistently laugh aloud funny and touching. Really, probably the best book I’ve read in a long time.

How to Age Disgracefully: A Novel by Claire Pooley

I listened to the audiobook version, which was excellently narrated.

That’s it from Leslea for now.

Maybe ping Tim and ask him about his novel-in-progress sometime, huh?

July 4, 2024

We’re watching JAG, an old Navy lawyer drama from the post-Top Gun era. I’ve heard “on my six,” about a zillion times already, along with “camel jockeys,” “squatters,” “burst her cherry,” and several references to “ice.” A little slut shaming, a little girl-on-girl voyeurism, and a supersize order of male bravado…it’s a real time capsule, this show.

Times have changed so much since this show debuted. It was a huge hit, running for several years and spawning all the NCIS shows.

I keep thinking about the pathos that inspired and uplifted a show like this—Boomers of the same mindset who support conservative politics today. At the time this television show was at its peak, you could avoid this kind of rhetoric by changing the channel or picking up a book.

As a writer, I deeply understand the satisfaction of creating ugly characters who say all the wrong things. They are a receptacle for all the stress, anxiety, and anger you need to release. They’re easy to demonize and a joy to kill off.

We don’t have fictitious television shows as that kind of outlet anymore. We don’t demand the head of the murdering bastard at the end of the program before a commercial break transitions us to a nightcap of late night comedy.

The same economics that blew our world economy into the widest gulf between the haves and the have-nots obviously apply to television programming. We go hard for unscripted, cheap, and disposable entertainment. The only consequence for ungallant, unkind, downright shitty behavior is higher ratings. Bad behavior = success.

We now pour our pain, suffering, and angst into the bullying of the kind, the educated, and the rational. Name any television show from the past 40 years, and chances are good that the most notable character from it is the villain. The one who steals, lies, cheats, rapes, kills…

Culturally, our focus has shifted from our eyes on all that’s good and holy to all that shocks and demeans. When I say “our” focus, of course, I mean as a culture. There are still millions of Americans who don’t tune into garbage mindset, but they are woefully outnumbered by the masses cheering on the criminal contingent of popularized competitions.

This July 4, I am saddened that the bad guys have emerged as our cultural heroes. If you can shock, offend, bully, and abuse, you are “winning.” Our nation has changed, worsening in character by our celebration of our human faults.

I wish we were focused on decency. On kindness. Generosity. Freedom.

I want to believe we are better than this. I want to believe the bad guys can’t win. I want the voices that expel the garbage of their souls to be fictional villains, not bona fide presidential candidates and their bankrolling political action committees and think tanks.

Our heritage is one of freedom, opportunity, and community. Please share with your friends and family your thoughts, questions, and lived experience today. Please listen when they share their own. The only way we’re ever going to turn the tide of ugliness in this country is by working together. Not to censor, but to reason.

“Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.”

Thomas Jefferson wrote that. He was referring to our nation’s origins as a property of the crown, but I find his truths to be self-evident regarding today’s system of socioeconomic injustice, as well.

Perhaps today of all days is the time to re-read (or REALLY study in earnest) the following:

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

In Congress, July 4, 1776

THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION

of the

THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their Creator, with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.–That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operations till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.

He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands.

He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers.

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures.

He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States:

For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing taxes on us without our consent:

For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury:

For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences:

For abolishing the free system of English laws in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments:

For suspending our own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us.

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.

He is, at this time, transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.

In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.

We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour.

JOHN HANCOCK.New Hampshire,

Josiah Bartlett,
Wm. Whipple,
Matthew Thornton; Massachusetts Bay,

Saml. Adams,
John Adams,
Robt. Treat Pain,
Elbridge Gerry;Rhode Island, etc.,

Step. Hopkins 
William Ellery;Delaware,

Caesar Rodney, 
Geo. Read,
Tho. M’Kean;Connecticut,

Roger Sherman,
Saml. Huntington, 
Wm. Williams,
Oliver Wolcott;Maryland,

Samuel Chase,
Wm. Paca, 
Thos. Stone,
Charles Carroll,of Carrolton;New York,

Wm. Floyd, 
Phil Livingston,
Frans. Lewis, 
Lewis Morris;Virginia,

George Wythe,
Richard Henry Lee,
Thos. Jefferson,
Benja. Harrison,
Thos. Nelson, jr., 
Francis Lighfoot Lee, 
Carter Braxton;New Jersey,

Richd. Stockton,
Jno. Witherspoon,
Fras. Hopkinson, 
John Hart, 
Abra. Clark;North Carolina, 

Wm. Hooper,
Joseph Hewes,
John Penn;Pennsylvania,

Robt. Morris,
Benjamin Rush,
Benja. Franklin,
John Morton, 
Geo. Clymer,
Jas. Smith, 
Geo. Taylor,
James Wilson, 
Geo. Ross; South Carolina, 

Edward Rutledge,
Thos. Heyward, junr.,
Thomas Lynch, junr.,
Arthur Middleton;Georgia, 

Button Gwinnett,
Lyman Hall,
Geo. Walton.

IN CONGRESS,

January 18, 1777.

Ordered,

That an authenticated copy of the Declaration of Independence, with the names of the Members of Congress subscribing the same, be sent to each of the United States, and that they be desired to have the same put on record.

JOHN HANCOCK,
President.

By Order of Congress,
Attest, CHAS. THOMSON, Secy.

A true copy,
JOHN HANCOCK,Presidt.